Humans and wild ungulates such as horses, tapir, cattle, pigs, deer, and bison have always had closely intertwined histories and these animals provide both positive and negative contributions to people. Wild, and later domesticated, ungulates provided food and other raw materials to humans, yet currently there are large variations in their global population dynamics and their interactions with humans. This need for different management approaches and solutions is reshaping human-ungulate relationships. Better understanding of the positive and negative aspects of human-ungulate interactions is needed to encourage coexistence. Therefore, Pascual-Rico et al. (2021) provided a global literature synthesis to portray these complexities and evaluate management measures more accurately.
The authors reviewed 575 articles related to human-ungulate interactions to identify key knowledge gaps on nature’s contributions to people associated with wild ungulates. Through…
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Ideas for Sustainability 